Alexander Sarcophogusby James Carnehan (CC BY). Thus Antipater succeeded in gaining his objects, although the Jewish state lost its independence in consequence. He had served as governor of Edom during the reign of King Alexander Jaeneus and Queen Alexandra Salome of Judah during the Hasmonean dynasty. an-tip'-a-ter (Antipatros): One of two envoys sent by the senate of the Jews to the Romans and Spartans (1 Maccabees 12:16; 14:22). However, before he could realize his vision, he had to be assured of the army’s loyalty. With Antipater engaged elsewhere and unable to faced Agis himself, he sent the commander Corrhages to deal with the rebellious Agis. Corrections? [18.48.5] The office and rank of chiliarch was first raised to fame … However, Antipater and fellow commander Parmenio, who was in Asia Minor at the time, remained loyal to Alexander, so with the urging of his doting mother, Olympias, Alexander became king at the age of 20. An excellent commander in his own right, Leosthenes cornered Antipater at Lamia in Thessaly. Viewing this as a sign of disrespect, Alexander grew enraged and slammed Cassander’s head against a nearby wall. Web. Wasson, Donald L. The young king would never return. Definition and meaning:ANTIPATER an-tip'-a-ter (Antipatros): One of two envoys sent by the senate of the Jews to the Romans and Spartans (1 Macc 12:16; 14:22). Rumors surrounding this latter cause brought the name of Antipater into the discussion. Did he order his son Iolaus, the cupbearer to the king, to administer the fatal dose, for was it not Iolaus’s lover who had invited the king to the party? Years later, whenever Cassander saw a statue or painting of Alexander, he would faint. Herod Antipater (Greek: Ἡρῴδης Ἀντίπατρος, Hērǭdēs Antipatros; born before 20 BC – died after 39 AD), known by the nickname Antipas, was a 1st-century ruler of Galilee and Perea, who bore the title of tetrarch ("ruler of a quarter") and is referred to as both "Herod the Tetrarch" and "King Herod" in the New Testament, although he never held the title of king. Not everybody was convinced of these accusations, though. ), governor of Edom in the time of Alexander Yannai and Salome Alexandra, son of Antipater I, and father of * Herod. Thus, Herod was of Arab origin, although he was a practicing Jew. Following his father’s death, Alexander found not only his ability but also the strength of Macedon’s control over Greece threatened. In the subsequent battle at Crannon in 322 BCE, the Athenian commander was killed, forcing an end to the war. The incident would haunt him for the remainder of his life. Antipater’s main task was to hold the northern frontiers against hostile tribes and to keep order among the Greek states. The defeated Spartan king was carried off the field of battle by his troops, dying from a spear wound. He also became an advisor to the Maccabean Queen Alexandra Salome. Antipater remained as regent of Macedonia while his son, Cassander, received Caria (southwestern Anatolia). Despite the constant demand for reinforcements, Antipater was able to amass a total of over 40,000 infantry and cavalry, and he would soon need it. Antipater (ca. Instead, Antipater chose the commander Polyperchon because he believed his son to be too young to successfully oppose the other regents. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Specify between which dates you want to search, and what keywords you are looking for. When Alexander heard of the victory, he considered it insignificant. Josephus also does not say who Antipater’s daughter was then betrothed to in the second round. To some, the incident would be seen as insignificant, just another outburst by Alexander, if not for what would happen afterwards. He is eager to pass knowledge on to his students. To maintain authority in his absence, he left Greece and his beloved Macedon in the capable hands of Antipater as hegemon. Antipater (ăntĭp`ətər), d. 319 B.C., Macedonian general. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). From. "Antipater." Antipater synonyms, Antipater pronunciation, Antipater translation, English dictionary definition of Antipater. The settlement of the satrapies (provinces) of the Macedonian Empire by the new regent, Perdiccas, at Babylon in 323, immediately after Alexander’s death, left Antipater in control of Macedonia and Greece, though as former regent his status in relation to Perdiccas was not clearly defined. Antipater then took the side of the Macedonian generals Antigonus, Seleucus, and Ptolemy, who were opposed to the claims of Perdiccas. 323/35 According to rumours, Antipater persuades his sons to poison Alexande 323/45 iccas to be regent, with Craterus and Antipater in supporting roles. To a man, they swore their loyalty. 46 BC – 4 BC) was Herod the Great's first-born son, his only child by his first wife Doris. Antipater had wealth and power but he wanted more. It was Alexander, and the city would suffer. Did he willingly participate in a conspiracy to poison Alexander? She would have to have been re-betrothed to someone worthy. Antipater was the father of King Herod the Great. As the young king stood before them and cried, he promised each of them glory and riches. Antipater I the Idumaean (born 113 or 114 BCE, died 43 BCE) was the founder of the Herodian Dynasty and father of Herod the Great. Following the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE, he was entrusted with the task of accompanying the young Alexander in taking the ashes of fallen Athenians killed in battle to the city. Updates? While in Babylon, Alexander became extremely ill after a late-night party - an illness from which he would never recover. This division, however, was not to remain. Josephus states that Antipater I belonged to a distinguished Edomite family, the members of which had embraced Judaism in the days of John Hyrcanus. Antipater and Agis met at Megalopolis, a city north of Sparta. Unfortunately, Corrhages was defeated and killed. He was one of the ablest and most trusted lieutenants of Philip II Philip II, 382–336 B.C., king of Macedon (359–3 Luckily, however, Antipater was not left alone for he had an army of 12,000 phalangites, 1,000 Companion cavalry, 500 light-armed cavalry, and the power to summon the militia of the Greek city-states. Following the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE, he was entrusted with the task of accompanying the young Alexander in taking the ashes of fallen Athenians killed in battle to the city. Antipater resented the order, considering it a death warrant. When each commander claimed part of Alexander’s empire for himself, Antipater took control of Macedon. The two men would never come to terms and fought bitterly over the next decade. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 14 Jun 2016. Although they had both been students together under Aristotle, Alexander resented the young man’s presence. It lay between Caesarea Maritima and Lydda, on the great Roman road from Caesarea to Jerusalem, and figures prominently in Roman-era history. In 331 BCE, about the time Alexander was preparing to meet Darius at Gaugamela, King Agis III of Sparta joined with forces from Elis, Arcadia, and Achaea, and declared war on Macedon. Antipater (c. 399-319 BCE) was a Macedonian statesman and loyal lieutenant of both Alexander the Great and his father Philip II of Macedon. Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Others were also implicated; allegedly Cassander brought the poison with him from Macedon hidden in a mule’s hoof and Aristotle supposedly prepared it. Antipater. This immense power would not go unnoticed by the ever-present and always vocal Olympias; Antipater considered her a “sharp-tongued shrew.” Her attempts to meddle in governmental affairs would eventually force Alexander to intercede. Of course, the king was torn between his love for his mother and his respect of Antipater. Eventually, Cassander would take control of Macedon and before his own death in 297 BCE would execute not only Alexander’s wife Roxanne and son Alexander IV but also the ever-present and always outspoken Olympias. Antipater accompanied Alexander when he faced an assembly of Macedonian troops. Last modified June 14, 2016. The following year he was tried for plotting against Herod and Pheroras, Herod’s brother, and was executed five days before his father’s death. Antipater was from Edom (Idumaea), the area between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. See more. She is not heard from again as “Antipater’s daughter.” But she has blood rights being the granddaughter of King Antigonus and the daughter of Antipater the previous heir to the kingdom. Antipater had always been considered a trustworthy commander, representing Philip at Athens in 346 BCE. He ruled Greece by cooperating with the League of Corinth but was unpopular because he supported oligarchic governments. Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization. Antipater was a man of great influence and wealth who increased both by marrying the daughter of a noble from Petra (in southwestern Jordan), at that time the capital of the rising Arab Nabataean kingdom. The tension between the two increased when Cassander unknowingly laughed at seeing a number of Persians prostrating themselves before the king - an old Persian custom called proskynesis. Wasson, D. L. (2016, June 14). 323/66 The Greek army defeats Antipater, and he retreats to Lamia. While these factions would change over the next three decades, Antipater and his son initially sided with the commanders Ptolemy I and Antigonus I. Books Omissions? The coalition almost defeated Macedon. The war was initially caused by Leosthenes, an Athenian who despite being raised in Macedon detested the Macedonians. License. Antipater died in 319 BCE at the age of 80. Some of these men disliked Alexander only because his mother was not a true Macedonian. The Macedonian commander was victorious, wiping out all Spartan resistance. Antipater, (born c. 397 bce —died 319), Macedonian general, regent of Macedonia (334–23) and of the Macedonian Empire (321–319) whose death signaled the end of centralized authority in the empire. Ancient History Encyclopedia. After Philip’s assassination by the disgruntled Pausanias, a disagreement arose among the nobility as to who was the rightful heir to the throne of Macedon. Written by Donald L. Wasson, published on 14 June 2016 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Alexander the Great, Marble Headby Carole Raddato (CC BY-SA). ANTIPATER. His son Cassander, as always, remained at his side. Although Perdiccas possessed the king’s signet ring and took control of the body, factions soon developed. At a meeting presided by Antipater, several nobles voiced suppor… Trouble brewed in late 323 BCE with Antipater’s involvement against Athens and Aetolia in the Hellenic or Lamian War. We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. When they heard of the approaching the Macedonian army, they assumed, incorrectly, that it was under the command of Antipater. With little alternative, Antipater reached an agreement with Memnon and headed southward. Herod was a schemer who took advantage of Roman political unrest to claw his way to the top. Antipater, with his half-brothers, was then sent to Rome, under the care of Agrippa, to receive an education befitting a prince and patrician (13 B.C. 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