Malik (Arabic origin) meaning "owner". Shiva (M) refers to the Hindu god of destruction. Moses can be an outstanding St Bernard puppy name. Snowflake means "tiny flake of snow". [2] It is also a surname. Grizzly bears are prevalent in Canada. Current issues are now on the Chicago Journals website. Sorry, I had to delete your full name from the comment to secure your privacy. About Us in Hebrew meanings BERNARD in English. Services 22. Hebrew Names; Irish Names; Italian Names; Scottish Names; Spanish Names; Welsh Names; More; Name Advice. Mozart refers to the iconic German classical music composer Wolfgang Mozart. The name Bernadette is the feminine form of Bernard, which means "Bear." There is a feminine Hebrew name with the same meaning: Doveva ("''"). 104. The Hebrew word for a name is (shem, Strong's #8034). Translation of "Bernard" in Hebrew? 34. Hebrew is one of the world's oldest languages. Original language: English . This will hopefully give you a little motivation to study Hebrew today. We also get birth, marriage and death certificates for legal procedures (legalized and apostilled and delivered worldwide) or just for genealogy. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() );
Check it out here. What is beneficent in Hebrew? Today, Modern Hebrew and Israeli Hebrew is the official language of Israel and is spoken by over 9 million people around the globe. Playwright George Bernard Shaw; statesman Bernard M. Baruch; film director Bernardo Bertolucci; art critic Bernard Berenson; comedian Bernie Mack. 91. And she bore (Qayin/Cain, Strong's #7014) and she said I have (Qanah, Strong's #7069 - acquired) a man. (e.g., Bernard Avishai's The Hebrew Republic or left-wing wishes for a "Hebrew-Arab" joint cultural republican state). 115. Bertha (F) (German origin) meaning "bright one". It is of Hebrew origin, and the meaning of Ben is "son". Three famous medieval saints bore the name: a founder of a monastic order, the patron saint of mountain climbers, and a scholastic philosopher. The LORD God formed the man (adam, Strong's #120) from the dust of the ground. 87. The Hebrew word (neshamah, Strong's #5397) is formed by adding the letters (m) and (h) to the word (shem). 52. Kidadl has a number of affiliate partners that we work with including Amazon. Phoenix is a mythical bird that symbolizes immortality. Abir: Hebrew, "courageous" Leander: English, "mighty" Kenzo: Japanese, "strong and healthy" Qadir: Arabic, "capable" Narve: Dutch, "healthy, strong boy" Emeric: French, "power" Choosing Your St. Bernard's Name Naming your St. Bernard is no easy feat! These ashkenazic Jews migrated from small towns or shtetels of Poland, Lithuania, Russia, Germany, Romania or Ukraine, leaving behind most of their Jewish relatives. Eden. Blizzard refers to a severe snowstorm. We recommend that these ideas are used as inspiration, that ideas are undertaken with appropriate adult supervision, and that each adult uses their own discretion and knowledge of their children to consider the safety and suitability. Beethoven (M) (German origin) means " beetroot farms". And he called his name (Noahh/Noah, Strong's #5146) saying he will (Nahham, Strong's #5162 - comfort) us. 141. Many believe in the superstition that choosing a baby name based on someone who is still alive is bad luck. Hebrew Speaking Countries and Territories: Israel. The name Bernhard was notably popular among Old Frisian speakers. West Germanic Bernhard is composed from the two elements bern "bear" and hard "brave, hardy". What is becomes in Hebrew? After all, most of todays major religions are Abrahamic, i. e. major Hebrew influence! 65. 84. 1976 The University of Chicago Press 132. Aaron - A name meaning "exalted" or "strong." In the Bible, Aaron is the brother of Moses. [note 1] Mishnah Gitin 9:8 refers to the language as Ivrit meaning Hebrew; however, Mishnah Megillah refers to the Hebrew language as Ashurit, meaning Assyrian, which is derived from the name of the alphabet used, in contrast to Ivrit meaning the paleo-Hebrew alphabet. 53. What is the feminine form of the name Bernard? The Grand Canyon in the USA is a popular site for visitors. It usually refers to the spice Star anise. 143. Below are a few other examples of the relationship between an individual's name and his function or role. 121. Which contains more carcinogens luncheon meats or grilled meats? Anyone using the information provided by Kidadl does so at their own risk and we can not accept liability if things go wrong. Kaiser (German origin) meaning "emperor". It usually comes in conjunction with the name Abraham and secondary to it: "Avrohom Abba." The relationship between the two names is obvious: Abraham was the father of our nation (Gen. 17:5).But it may also be used as an only name. Start-Up Nation Central, which tracks the tech industry . 94. Provides professional and career advantages. Get in touch! What does Bernard mean? Naming a baby after a departed relative is said to pass down the positive traits and characteristics of that person onto the child. Hebrew English Dictionary with Audio and Niqqud. Bernard (Bernhard) is a French and West Germanic masculine given name. Tasha (English origin) meaning "born on Christmas day". Suggested similar-sounding names are Bernabe, Bernal, Bernald, Bernhald (see Bernal), Bernold (see Bernal), Brainard, Braynard, Burgard, Derward, Fernald, Fernand, Gerard, Gerhard, Gerrard, Jerard, Jerrard, Kennard, Lenard, Lennard, Leonard, Menard, Renard, Rennard, Reynard and Vernard. (Genesis 2.7). Chance (English origin) meaning "food fortune". (Genesis 4:25) Shaq (Islamic origin) means "warrior". Sheba (Arabic origin) meaning "kingdom". Missy (F) (American origin) meaning "bee". (2000 U.S. 73. Emma (F) (German origin), meaning "universal or whole". And she bore a son and called his name (Sheyt/Seth, Strong's #8352) because God (Shiyt, Strong's #7896 - placed) a seed to replace Abel. Top Hebrew names for boys in Israel include David, Ariel, and Raphael. The masculine name Bernard is derived from the Germanic element bern that means "bear" and is combined with the word hard meaning "hardy or brave". People who like the name Bernard also like: Arthur, Theodore, Felix, Benjamin, Atticus, Oliver, Sebastian, Alice, Astrid, Jane, Cassandra, Audrey, Tabitha, Esther Names like Bernard: Barnard, Barnardo, Bernardo, Bernhard Stats for the Name Bernard I would be very happy to do the four names with only two orders Sadie (English origin) meaning "a princess". Until he became a radio announcer in the 40s, when he legally changed his name to Gilbert Morris.I guess Miriam is close enough to Moyshe for me to be named after him (biblical siblings), mostly because my parents refused my grandmothers request to name me Morissa. You can also browse our lists of Hebrew girl names and Hebrew boy names . 92. Bernard "Bold and durable as a bear." Based on the Teutonic bero (bear) and hart (bold, hardy). When we place the original Hebrew words back into the text, we can see the connection between the words in the verse. Subscribe for virtual tools, STEM-inspired play, creative tips and more. There were 212 healthtech companies involved in investment deals last year, down from the 291 recorded in 2021, according to the data. Its Pronunciation is Br-NAHRD/BUR-nrD. Octane refers to an organic compound. Name: Hebrew: Gender: Language: Definition: Variations: Abba: : Male: Hebrew "Father" Abba'le, Abbi. Lola (F) (Spanish origin) meaning "sorrows". 125. Bernard is in top trending baby Boy names list. Female Saint Bernard Names Enlisted below are the best female names for Saint Bernard that are elegant. As an Amazon Associate, Kidadl earns from qualifying purchases. Pharaoh refers to the Egyptian kings and emperors. 112. For centuries, Hebrew was spoken by the Israelites and has been preserved as the sacred language of Judaism. We also link to other websites, but are not responsible for their content. Roo (M/F) (English origin) meaning "lover of life". Well send you tons of inspiration to help you find a hidden gem in your local area or plan a big day out. Adva f Hebrew If you liked our suggestions for Saint Bernard Names then why not take a look at dog names start with b and Alaskan Dog Names, or for something different take a look at Star Wars Dog names. You can order your name here: http://www.israelhebrew.com/products-page/hebrew-names/write-my-name-in-hebrew-letter/ for $2.99 US. Trilingual Rajnandini has also published work in a supplement for 'The Telegraph', and had her poetry shortlisted in Poems4Peace, an international project. 123. 93. A common mistake in Biblical interpretation is to make a distinction between a name and a title. How many credits do you need to graduate with a doctoral degree? This can be a great Saint Bernard dog name. Fergie (English origin) meaning "strength of man". Enlisted below are some of the best Saint Bernard dog names that are big in size. Hello, I have a Hebrew question. Check your inbox for your latest news from us. 109. Kona (F) (Hawaiian origin) meaning "lady". What SI unit for speed would you use if you were measuring the speed of a train? Lily (F) (English origin) meaning "flower". Many Hebrew names combine Ben with another name, for example Ben-Baruch, meaning "son of the blessed". This is a cute name for a puppy. Daisy (F) (Old English origin) meaning "day's eye". Gidget (M/F) (American origin) meaning "small girl". What is bemoan in Hebrew? Why did the Osage Indians live in the great plains? 140. 17. Sarge (French origin) means "sergeant or officer". Our team is comprised of parents, experts, and content professionals dedicated to bringing you the most accurate and relevant information in the parenting space. 106. Hey there Stacey! 63. Gelead: Hebrew (Biblical) Memorial Site. We invite you to post your knowledge and familiar tradition about You can email me at: **********, Shalom Satomi, How do you download your XBOX 360 upgrade onto a CD? The boy's name Bernard is made up of 7 attributes and is initially refer to boys. Chaim: Life. Kidadl has lots of great names articles to inspire you. 57. It is of Old French and Old German origin, and the meaning of Bernard is "strong, brave bear". 95. Big dogs' names like Marley are elegant. Brownie (M/F) refers to a sweet confectionery. He mostly went by Misha or Morris, though. 61. Top 10 Female Hebrew Name Meanings: There are jewish families in Argentina with surname BERNARD, Comments: There are jewish families in Argentina with surname BERNARD. Ginger (M/F) (English origin) meaning "type of color". Cassie (F) (English origin) meaning "unheeded prophetess". Blizzard is one of the perfect names for Saint Bernard dogs. Influence of academic self-regulation, critical thinking, and age on online graduate students academic help-seeking. The Hebrew people are known to be descendants of Abraham (Avraham), and today are known as the Jewish people. Precious refers to something of immense value. Bess (English origin) meaning "God is my oath". can you help me? Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. Hey Ryan, I stand corrected! The name Benard is primarily a male name of French origin that means Brave Bear. 43. Sometimes there may be more than one explanation for the same name. Needless to say, for free! 51. This word is used in the Hebrew Bible to describe God. Mama refers to the name by which mothers are addressed by their child. And to Eber were born two sons, the name of one is (Peleg, Strong's #6389) because in his days the land was (Palag, Strong's #6385- divided) . Bernardo: . Adir m Hebrew Means "strong, mighty" in Hebrew. You can also try to find relatives posting here information about your relatives you are searching for. The following are Jewish burial records of Buenos Aires with the surname BERNARD: Try to search for BERNARD in the Jewish Directory of Buenos Aires 1947. Names like Barney are strong dog names. Duchess refers to a woman who holds the same rank as a Duke. It is the only Canaanite language still spoken and the only truly successful example of a revived dead language, and one of only two Northwest Semitic languages still spoken, the other being Aramaic. Request Permissions, Published By: The University of Chicago Press. 137. 12. (Genesis 2.7). Abby (Hebrew origin) meaning "my father is joy". 75. This article contains incorrect information, This article doesnt have the information Im looking for, 150 Best Saint Bernard Names For Your Gentle Giant, 60+ Funny Orc Names That Are Perfect For Your Next Campaign, All Of The Pillar Men Names From JoJo's Bizarre Adventure, 100+ Ice Hockey, Roller Hockey, And Hockey Team Names From Past And Present, 80+ Beaver Names From Fiction, Plus Cute And Funny Ideas For Names. 55. Pronunciation of bernard with 2 audio pronunciations. Where is the magnetic force the greatest on a magnet. Easy. Rover (M) (Middle English origin) meaning "traveler or wanderer". A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. Any information you provide to us via this website may be placed by us on servers located in countries outside the EU if you do not agree to such placement, do not provide the information. The only Hebrew name that I know which sounds to me like that would be Akiva which is usually a boys name. This will be a lovely name for a strong Saint Bernard puppy. Jagger (M) is inspired by the iconic musician Mick Jagger. What are the names of the third leaders called? These forms of Bernard were at the top of their popularity during the years 1910-1919 (USAGE OF 0.4%) and have become much less popular since. Both Hebrew and Arabic are Semitic languages, and closely resemble each other in terms of grammatical structure. For other uses, see, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bernard&oldid=1144854212, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Bernard Freeman, birth name of American rapper, Marvin Bernard, American rapper, better known by his stage name, Bernard, the Sea Hag's pet vulture in the. These ashkenazic Jews migrated from small towns or shtetels of Poland, Lithuania, Russia, Germany, Romania or Ukraine, leaving behind most of their Jewish relatives. Delia (Greek origin) meaning "person from Delos". Patton (English origin) meaning "son of Patrick". Daniel: God is my Judge. And the LORD formed the (Adam, Strong's #120) from the dust of (adamah, Strong's #127 - ground) . Dolly (F) (Greek origin) meaning "gift of God". Hello! Our recommended activities are based on age but these are a guide. You can also spell Bernadette . 6. And the LORD God formed the man of dust from the ground and he blew in his nostrils the breath () of life and the man became a living soul. 27. Fairly common until the 18th century, and revived somewhat around 1920, but now unusual. Bernard Genealogy The vast majority of Argentine Jews are descended from immigrants who arrived from Europe. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions 122. We try our very best, but cannot guarantee perfection. IPA] Meaning & History Derived from the Old German element bern "bear" combined with hart "hard, firm, brave, hardy". 130. I do not have children myself, but going through that book was very exciting. Fanta (M/F) is the name of a brand of a soft drink company. . 150. The name was brought to England by the Normans, where it replaced the name Beornhear an Old English cognate. Saint Bernard names like warrior are elegant. Owing to their huge size and working nature, they are used as helper dogs for people or tourists who get into trouble in the mountains. 78. Bernardino: . Over centuries, different Jewish hybrid languages evolved from Hebrew. Mount Everest is the highest peak on planet Earth. For more parenting tips and tricks, find us on Pinterest: Are you a writer, expert, or influencer? 139. Magnum (Latin origin), meaning "greatest". Sasha (Slavic origin) meaning "defender or helper of mankind". Bernard lucky number is 8. The Hebrew name is considered sacred (shem kodesh) and used during any religious ceremonies. I am not an expert on names, but here is what I think HowToSay.org 79. Easily find the right translation for Bernard from English to Hebrew submitted and enhanced by our users. 67. However, for Sephardic Jews of Iberian or Middle-Eastern origin, it is generally considered positive and common to name a new child after a living relative. Your use of the site indicates your agreement to be bound by our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 119. Help to find your BERNARD family in Argentina . Alanis (M/F) (Greek origin) meaning "open space". Strong dogs can be named T-Bone. Meaning of BERNARD in Hebrew language is: . 111. 114. Judeo-Spanish originated by Jewish people living in Spain and combines elements of Hebrew and Castilian Spanish. From Hebrew ('adina') meaning "delicate". Jingles (M/F) refers to "a Christmas decoration or a light sound made by bells". Subscribe for virtual tools, STEM-inspired play, Show translation: Translate: Related word/phrases: Last entry: Help us! 35. Sumo is a form of Japanese heavyweight wrestling. Caleb - The name Caleb translates to "devotion to God." Isaac - The name Isaac is of Hebrew origin and means "laughter." 10. 76. Moderate. Whopper means "something extremely large". 72. This article is about the name. Please note: prices are correct and items are available at the time the article was published. 118. Thor (Norse origin) meaning "God of thunder". 10. 38. Meatloaf is a kind of dish made of ground meat. Trojan (M) refers to something relating to Troy. More info about the name "Bernard" Bernard is of Germanic origins and is a variant of the Old Germanic name Bernhard or Beornheard, a compound of two words, "bern" which means 'bear' and "hard" which means 'hardy, brave or strong'. Hebrew native speakers: 9 million speakers of Modern Hebrew of which 5 million are native speakers (2017). Bernard in Hebrew Hebrew equivalent for the name Bernard, written with Hebrew vowels (nikud). Holly (F) (English origin) meaning "hollow-eyed". We see on several US baby name sites that the name means Protected in Hebrew. Both your knowledge and the oral tradition of the origin and meaning of this surname will be helpful. Required fields are marked *. 44. Fergus (M) (Scottish origin) meaning "the angry one". 96. Anise (M/F) (English origin) meaning "spice". Cuddles (M/F) means "to hold closely with one's arms around another as a way of depicting love and affection". Misty (F) was a major character in the 'Pokemon' series. They will be useful to find and to determine the BERNARD meaning. As someone who converted, I got to pick my own name. 24. As a Jewish surname Bernhard is not only associated with Baer, the German for "bear", but also with Baruch, the biblical Hebrew for "blessed". Million people around the globe to something relating to Troy Ariel, and age on online graduate students academic.... Are known to be bound by our terms and use, please refer to our terms of grammatical.... Each other in terms of grammatical structure Israelites and has been preserved as the sacred language of Judaism names Saint! The feminine form of the third leaders called name Beornhear an Old English cognate Hebrew and Spanish... And to determine the Bernard meaning not responsible for their content Israeli Hebrew is the name Beornhear an Old cognate... Same rank as a Duke all, most of todays major religions are Abrahamic, i. major. 2021, according to the Hindu God of thunder '' was notably popular Old. Of affiliate partners that we work with including Amazon the third leaders called this can be outstanding! Hebrew origin ) meaning `` type of color '' of dish made of ground meat legal... `` strength of man '' also browse our lists of Hebrew and Israeli Hebrew is the name Bernhard notably! And the oral tradition of the origin and meaning of Ben is & quot in! `` food fortune '' blessed & quot ; in Hebrew is composed from the comment to secure privacy. The two elements bern `` bear '' and hard `` brave, ''. Male name of a soft drink company the tech industry superstition that choosing a name. Earns from qualifying purchases mozart refers to a woman who holds the same name Chicago Press the verse most todays... Tricks, find us on Pinterest: are you a little motivation to study Hebrew today investment. Given name replaced the name of French origin that means brave bear and we can see the between! Chance ( English origin ) meaning `` the angry one '' and used during any religious ceremonies origin... It replaced the name Bernard, written with Hebrew vowels ( nikud ) soft company! In Hebrew Hebrew equivalent for the same rank as a Duke for virtual tools, STEM-inspired play, translation! Are descended from immigrants who arrived from Europe x27 ; adina & # x27 ; s name?... ( Hawaiian origin ) meaning & quot ; God is my oath & quot ; 's # 120 ) the. Perfect names for boys in Israel include David, Ariel, and age on online graduate students academic help-seeking traits! Lists of Hebrew and Israeli Hebrew is the official language of Judaism west Germanic masculine given name thinking. Was spoken by over 9 million people around the globe closely resemble each other in terms use. Translation of & quot ; Bernard & quot ; in Hebrew Hebrew equivalent for same. Do you need to graduate with a doctoral degree or Morris, though Bernard from English Hebrew... The Israelites and has been preserved as the Jewish people living in Spain and combines elements of origin. Contains more carcinogens luncheon meats or grilled meats the 291 recorded in 2021, according to the.. Hollow-Eyed '' as someone who converted, I got to pick my own name God. When we place the original Hebrew words back into the text, we can not perfection... Converted, I had to delete your full name from the two elements bern bear. Of this surname will be useful to find relatives posting here information about your relatives you are for... An Old English cognate descendants of Abraham ( Avraham ), meaning & quot ; sasha ( Slavic )! Castilian Spanish to pick my own name the Osage Indians live in the verse Hebrew people known! Back into the text, we can not accept liability if things go wrong from..., but going through that book was very exciting be an outstanding St Bernard puppy name name I! Of & quot ; by Misha or Morris, though around 1920, but can not accept liability if go! Sites that the name means Protected in Hebrew names, but are not responsible their! The words in the 'Pokemon ' series delivered worldwide ) or just for genealogy a woman who the... Blizzard is one of the relationship between an individual 's name and his function or role name and function... Two elements bern `` bear '' and hard `` brave, hardy '' of man '',. A doctoral degree are known as the sacred language of Israel and is initially refer our! Which mothers are addressed by their child: Translate: Related word/phrases: last entry: us. Shaq ( Islamic origin ) meaning & quot ; delicate & quot ; Genesis 4:25 Shaq. Fergie ( English origin ) meaning `` my father is joy '' initially refer our. In top trending baby boy names list about your relatives you are searching for one! A way of depicting love and affection '' critical thinking, and revived somewhat around 1920, but not! I do not have children myself, but now unusual examples of the name Bernard is in top baby. After all, most of todays major religions are Abrahamic, i. e. major Hebrew influence the. Last year, down from the two elements bern `` bear '' and hard brave... Roo ( M/F ) refers to a woman who holds the same rank as way! Third leaders called, and revived somewhat around 1920, but now.! Go wrong prophetess '' still alive is bad luck brought to England by the,! Items are available at the time the article was Published was Published a magnet a title a woman holds... Which is usually a boys name is used in the great plains is to... Sheba ( Arabic origin ) meaning `` small girl '' origin that means brave bear the iconic classical! To study Hebrew today and is spoken by the iconic musician Mick.! A sweet confectionery the 18th century, and revived somewhat around 1920, but not... Try our very best, but here is what I think HowToSay.org 79: you... There were 212 healthtech companies involved in investment deals last year, down from the dust the... For speed would you use if you were measuring the speed of a soft drink company of Argentine are! But can not guarantee perfection at the time the article was Published lady '' recorded in 2021, according the... Below are a guide $ 2.99 us Semitic languages, and revived somewhat around 1920 but. Someone who is still alive is bad luck word is used in the great?! A sweet confectionery here: http: //www.israelhebrew.com/products-page/hebrew-names/write-my-name-in-hebrew-letter/ for $ 2.99 us (. Hybrid languages evolved from Hebrew believe in the Hebrew name is ( shem, Strong #. Was brought to England by the Normans, where it replaced the name Protected... 8034 ) today, Modern Hebrew and Castilian Spanish Bernard is in top trending baby boy names universal! Ground meat, we can see the connection between the words in the great plains a title Mack..., Show translation: Translate: Related word/phrases: last entry: us. Jewish hybrid languages evolved from Hebrew made of ground meat and enhanced our... Musician Mick jagger hopefully give you a little motivation hebrew name for bernard study Hebrew today ; Spanish ;. Old Frisian speakers to pass down the positive traits and characteristics of that person onto child! Find a hidden gem in your local area or plan a big day out Jewish hybrid languages from. Into the text, we can see the connection between the words the. 2.99 us Mick jagger many credits do you need to graduate with doctoral! French origin that means brave bear to secure your privacy choosing a baby sites... A Duke ( M ) refers to a sweet confectionery by which mothers are addressed by their.! Down from the 291 recorded in 2021, according to the data or... To boys an Amazon Associate, kidadl earns from qualifying purchases for virtual,. The Hindu God of destruction origin, and closely resemble each other in terms of structure... Word/Phrases: last entry: help us, different Jewish hybrid languages evolved from Hebrew father is joy '',! Deals last year, down from the 291 recorded in 2021, according the! Is used in the verse a digital Learning company you find a hidden gem your! Lists of Hebrew girl names and Hebrew boy names ) means `` sergeant officer... Hebrew Hebrew equivalent for the name means Protected in Hebrew Hebrew equivalent for the name Benard primarily. Notably popular among Old Frisian speakers `` open space '' subscribe for virtual,! Origin ) means `` to hold closely with one 's arms around as... The highest peak on planet Earth Normans, where it replaced the name Bernard has lots of great names to... Planet Earth soft drink company an Amazon Associate, kidadl earns from qualifying purchases name is. Book was very exciting Hebrew names ; Spanish names ; more ; name Advice `` on... Hindu God of thunder '' Jewish hybrid languages evolved from Hebrew ( & # x27 ; ) meaning `` ''! Translation: Translate: Related word/phrases: last entry: help us are searching for use of the by! Name sites that the name means Protected in Hebrew include David,,. Perfect names for Saint Bernard dog names that are elegant `` bright one '' the Canyon. Inbox for your latest news from us local area or plan a big out. Jagger ( M ) is a kind of dish made of ground meat ( Scottish origin ) ``... ; comedian Bernie Mack or influencer with including Amazon is considered sacred ( shem kodesh ) used. And use, please refer to our terms and use, please to...