Neck crepitus isn't generally a cause for concern. The ear popping sensation you feel is your body evening out the pressure in your eardrums. Air needs to pass through your Eustachian tubes to control the pressure in your ears and help maintain proper balance. Will see if that is any help!! You might even feel dizzy if you need to unpop your ears. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a condition affecting the movement of the jaw. Do this for 3 to 5 days. To help relieve any pain and discomfort from an ear infection: use painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen (children under 16 should not take aspirin), remove any discharge by wiping the ear with cotton wool, do not put anything inside your ear to remove earwax, such as cotton buds or your finger, do not let water or shampoo get in your ear, do not use decongestants or antihistamines there's no evidence they help with ear infections. According to doctors from the Mayo Clinic, a fluid buildup in the middle ear is usually the result of an infection. When I swallow I sometimes get crackling in my ear. The eardrum becomes tense and does not vibrate so well when hit by sound waves. Treatment is not always necessary for crackling in the ears, especially if this symptom only occurs occasionally. Had blood test all. Page last reviewed: 16 June 2021 eMedicineHealth. Betamethasone nose drops are steroid nose drops. In other instances, specialized tests, such as hearing tests, can help determine a diagnosis. There are many reasons for clogged and ringing ears. One or both ears may be affected. This is because the trapped mucus and swelling can take a while to clear even when the germ causing the infection has gone. The sound isn't real or heard by anyone else. The balloon is filled with salt water and left in place for a few minutes in order to stretch the Eustachian tube. [Updated 2021 Sep 4]. However, if it frequently occurs, it can affect a persons quality of life and may indicate an underlying issue. doi:10.1177/0145561320974849. hearing loss or a change in hearing. What should you do if an ear infection, a buildup of wax, changing altitudes, or other reasons cause fullness in your ears as if they are clogged? . Copyright 2021 audiologyresearch.org. Try our Symptom Checker Got any other symptoms? Information you won't find elsewhere and is updated and added to daily. It is also common for hearing to go back to normal suddenly but then become dulled again before getting completely back to normal. Neti pots. Whether tinnitus (which includes the crackling noise you may be experiencing) can be heard by your doctor is important in finding the cause, so they could listen through a stethoscope. If the crackling in your ear doesnt self-resolve in a few days, you must identify the cause to get rid of the symptom. There is an overarching theme of ear fullness and inappropriate muscle twitching. Horner, K C. The Emotional Ear in Stress. NCBI - PubMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Aug. 2003, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14505685. There is one tube in each ear. WebMD. The member's area of your website has the best anxiety symptoms section anywhere. Medicine (Baltimore). In fact, a study in a medical journal reported that earwax contains antimicrobial properties.5, According to Dr. Mary Harding on Patient.info, earwax should drain from the ear on its own. Lets look at the major causes, and what we can do to treat them. Page last reviewed: 29 April 2022 Dizziness, vertigo or balance problems. Chewing and jaw motion help transport earwax and dead skin cells from the eardrum to the ear opening, where it dries and falls out. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) issues. However, you dont experience itchiness, and the pain and swelling are much worse. Have you had any scans at all done ? According to doctors from the National Health Service, ear infections can cause ear pain and itching around your ear canal. Crackling in the ears does not always require treatment. On about the seventh day post-op the hospital was anxious to send her home, so great was the wintertime . Get the latest anxiety Tips, Answers, Research, and News straight to your email inbox. vertigo. 2004 Nov 1; 54(508): 862867. Yes I have been told to wait it out that's all I get off them I was given tablets to help with the ear pressure unfortunately for me they haven't been on them a good few weeks. As your body recovers from the active stress response, this anxiety symptom should subside. common cold (upper respiratory tract infection). It feels like your ears are more sensitive to pressure changes, such as going up or down hills or other elevation-related situations. They may briefly relieve a blocked nose. Use of the forums is subject to our Terms of Use Otitis externa. In addition to crackling in the ears, some other symptoms may include: Mnires disease affects the inner ear and leads to dizziness. The pressure will seem to fill up your ears, and take the original offending pressure out with it when you swallow. Ear infections are very common, particularly in children. Do I need any tests for Eustachian tube dysfunction? You cannot always prevent ear infections, particularly inner ear infections caused by colds and flu. Middle ear infection, or acute otitis media, leads to ear pain and temporary hearing loss too. If it does not and blocks your ear, put 2 to 3 drops of medical grade olive or almond oil in your ear 3 to 4 times a day. It may involve one or both ears. However, if your ears dont pop, you may have a feeling of fullness in one or both ears and they feel blocked.3. It is completely natural for your ears to make popping or clicking noises when you swallow. Earwax usually falls out on its own. I have lots of crackling and popping in my ears but left ear doesn't pop! Possible underlying causes include impacted earwax, Eustachian tube dysfunction, myoclonus, and TMJ disorders. can be powerful experiences. Leave for 2-3 minutes to let the garlic kill off the infection and dissolve any wax buildup. Patient does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. There may be Eustachian tube or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders behind it, too, Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder can involve additional symptoms of pain, stiffness, and tinnitus. This allows air to get into the middle ear and any mucus to get out. It cam take anywhere from 2 to 6 weeks. Menieres disease may be autoimmune, or linked with migraine or genetic causes [6]. According to doctors from the Mayo Clinic, you can soften earwax by putting a few drops of 3% food grade hydrogen peroxide in your ear.17. Exercises to provide relief for TMJ muscle disorders will be prescribed by your treating doctor or physiotherapist. In this way you are gently pushing air into the Eustachian tube. It is not uncommon to occasionally hear a strange sound in the ears, such as popping, ringing, hissing, buzzing, or crackling. For example, Dr. Rod Moser says that even a stray hair resting on your eardrum could be a reason why you have crackling in your ear. It works by reducing inflammation in the nose. This involves inserting a tiny tube with a small balloon on the end into the Eustachian tube through the nose. Acute infections, such as otitis media or those that cause blocked Eustachian tubes, are more likely than a risky neurological issue. Boil in the ear canal. Such placement is usually if the infection is recurrent. Bear down, as if having a bowel movement. hi! However, if it occurs frequently or appeared for no apparent reason, its best to see a doctor for the best treatment. Something as simple as a small object lodged in your ear could cause strange popping sounds when you swallow. Not in a million years would i have thought i had anxiety but was proven otherwise. As it improves, it is common to hear popping noises or feel popping sensations in the ear. This can help to get rid of a feeling of fullness in your ears and reduce the muffled sounds that you hear.15. I am also looking for some advice. Middle ear inflammation and fluid buildup can also occur without infection.9, So, what kind of irritating noises in your do ear infections cause? Constant ear popping or crackling noises sometimes accompanies sinus infections that can make you feel miserable. Doctors from the Mayo Clinic say that to get rid of pressure buildup in your middle ear, you can try the Valsalva maneuver. Decongestants. To that end, here are: This ear popping or ear pressure symptom can affect one ear, both ears, or alternate back and forth between ears. For this natural remedy for stopping crackling sounds in your ear, you will need some olive oil and a dropper. I am currently taking Escitalopram 10 mgtakes a few weeks to kick in but works wonders.one thing you should stop concentrating on is what is wrong with youdon't Google about it because the more you research about it it makes your symptoms worse.some people are just more anxious than others. Care for your immune system through a healthy diet and stress management to help prevent infection. Sound signals are sent from the cochlea to the ear nerve and then on to the brain. For a more detailed explanation about anxiety symptoms, why symptoms can persist long after the stress response has ended, common barriers to recovery and symptom elimination, and more recovery strategies and tips, we have many chapters that address this information in the Recovery Support area of our website. Eardrops may not work if they're not used correctly. Menieres disease requires prompt treatment to prevent the need for surgery, which generally leads to permanent hearing loss. Patient does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. SKYPE Live Call-in with Jim Folk and other therapists, as well as over 100 hours of previously recorded conversations. Middle ear infections. Balloon dilatation of the Eustachian tube; NICE Interventional Procedures Guidance, December 2019. Mix 1 teaspoon salt in the water and fill the Neti pot. It's not usually serious and generally gets better on its own. appropriate medical assistance immediately. Last medically reviewed on December 14, 2021, Ear drainage can occur for many reasons, including an ear infection, an earwax buildup, or an injury. The blocked nose or thick mucus that develops during a cold or other infections, may block the Eustachian tube. Swollen lymph nodes, infections, and certain cancers can also lead to lumps. But weve also overcome it and returned to normal and lasting health. Ear popping and ear pressure symptoms descriptions: Why does anxiety cause ear popping and ear pressure symptoms? It started off one morning my left ear was blocked but it wouldn't pop it has since got worse I to get head aches and a feeling off being drunk and unsteady I also get a pulsating to in my ears. I've been through all the test and they ruled out vertigo. use painkillers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen (children under 16 should not take aspirin), do not put anything inside your ear, such as cotton buds. Anything that causes a blockage to the Eustachian tube can cause muffled hearing - for example. The air is constantly being absorbed, so fresh supplies of air are needed to get into the middle ear from time to time. When your sinuses get blocked, it increases pressure on your ears and makes your hearing muffled. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Registered number: 10004395 Registered office: Fulford Grange, Micklefield Lane, Rawdon, Leeds, LS19 6BA. Opening your mouth wide can help to relieve ear fullness and get rid of crackling sounds from your ear. Middle ear myoclonus: two informative cases and a systematic discussion of myogenic tinnitus. Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) vol. Air is more likely to flow in and out of the Eustachian tube if you swallow, yawn or chew. See the separate leaflet called Ears and Flying for more advice. Upgrade to Patient Pro Medical Professional? Airplane ear. If you do this you may feel your ears go 'pop' as air is forced into the middle ear. Some people may describe the ear crackling sensation as a tickle in their ear. If your ear is hurting all the time, it may be due to a different cause and you should see a doctor. With Eustachian tube dysfunction, air can't get into the middle ear. Hold the bottle in your hand to warm it. See the separate leaflet called Hearing Problems if you would like more details. Now I know what to do. Anybody else had similar? Anxiety disorder can produce a wide range of symptoms, including ear popping and ear pressure symptoms. About 4 months ago started feeling light headed no spinning just feeling like I'm drunk! Unfortunately, these types of behaviors continue to fuel symptoms, which can set up a vicious cycle of symptoms, worry, more symptoms, and so on. The disease itself may damage the inner ear, or lowered immunity may allow another infection to enter the Eustachian tubes and cause another illness, Schilder, A G M et al. Repeat with the other nostril to help kill germs in your sinuses. The information on this page is written and peer reviewed by qualified clinicians. From December 2019, this procedure has been approved in the UK on the NHS for routine use. In the longer term, it may be that the general reduction in oxygen supply during Covid causes permanent damage to . Symptoms of Mnires disease may include: Episodes can last from 20 minutes up to 2 hours. Avoiding use of cotton swabs, maintaining good hygiene and immune health, and knowing when to use the Valsalva maneuver can help calm a crackling ear. Rarely causes constant ear pain. Sucking on candy can help if your ears are popping when you are on an airplane or you have constant crackling in your ears while you have a cold. It occurs in about 4% of adults worldwide and is even more common in children and people with underlying craniofacial conditions. They can only be prescribed. Causes include ear wax impaction, changes in ear pressure, and. How are you at the moment ? Most cases are due to a cold, the symptoms are typical and it usually clears up in a few weeks. You might find that when taking off or descending in an aircraft your ears pop more than usual due to changes in the altitude. In certain environments, this can happen quite quickly, creating the 'popping' sound we hear so very often. I am incredibly grateful for her and the Anxietycentre's commitment to helping people get well. According to the British Journal of General Practice, olive oil is a recommended natural remedy for earwax removal. When ear popping and ear pressure symptoms are caused by chronic stress, such as that caused by overly apprehensive behavior, it may take a lot more time for the body to calm down and recover, and to the point where this anxiety symptom subsides. We regularly upload useful and informative videos. These types of tumours are very uncommon and usually cause other symptoms in addition to ETD, such as headache, a hoarse voice and a constantly blocked nose. Lie on your side with the affected ear facing up to put the drops in. There are several main causes of crackling or popping in the ears: Your Eustachian tubes help to equalize pressure in the ears, in terms of air pressure and through draining out fluid and mucus from the ear. Some natural ingredients that help break up phlegm and mucus are eucalyptus oil, peppermint oil, and tea tree oil. Potentially serious causes, including Menieres disease and some triggers of myoclonus, may require MRI scanning to pinpoint their origin. To use garlic to kill off bugs and germs in the ear and stop constant crackling noises when you swallow or move your jaw, this is what you should do: Because your sinuses, nose, and ears all are all connected, you can help to unclog your ears using a saltwater solution. Feels like it's blocked! Sure, ear popping and ear pressure can be bothersome, but again, its not harmful and will subside when your body has recovered from the stress response and/or chronic stress. You can speed up the recovery process by reducing your stress, practicing relaxed breathing, increasing your rest and relaxation, and not worrying about this symptom. Pain or tenderness in one or both ears. This must be done carefully, with little force, or it can cause damage to the eardrum. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. One defining symptom of Eustachian tube dysfunction is a crackling or popping sound, as pressure builds up in the ears. This is common after a cold. Treatment options for crackling ears depend on the cause and its severity: Home remedies for ear popping sounds include: To prevent crackling and popping in your ears, you can try these tips: What are the most important things we need to know about popping in the ears? Rarely, a tumour behind the eardrum or at the back of the nose (the nasopharynx) can mimic the symptoms of Eustachian tube dysfunction. To perform the Valsalva maneuver, follow these steps in order: Pinch your nose closed. Find out what they are and how to stop them. A person may only experience sharp ear pain in certain situations . Norman G, Llewellyn A, Harden M, et al; Systematic review of the limited evidence base for treatments of Eustachian tube dysfunction: a health technology assessment. 2016 Feb; 95(6): e2695. These tubes prevent air pressure and fluid from building up in the ear. Earwax is a natural substance of sebum and dead skin cells that helps to keep your ears healthy and free of infection. Temporomandibular joint and muscle (TMJ) disorders are a group of conditions involving pain and dysfunction in the jaw muscles and joints. The reason for hearing a popping, clicking, or crackling noise when you swallow is to do with the Eustachian tube that is in your middle ear. It can also cause pain and muffled hearing. This will push it in and make it worse. They my vision started getting blurry and etc.i went to starting from eye exam to allergist to having a sinus surgery (for nothing) to having an CT and MRI and then followed by neurologist only to find out that all my symptoms were being caused by anxiety. There are various other causes and sometimes it lasts longer. Hi . The short-term impacts may simply be the result of congestion behind the eardrum. Learn more about the potential causes, other symptoms, and the treatment options available. However, if any inflammation is reduced in the back of the nose then the Eustachian tube is able to work better. Balloon dilatation of the Eustachian tube, Common Cold (Upper Respiratory Tract Infections). What Does It Mean When You Hear Crackling and Popping in Your Ear? This is intended to check for any redness and swelling, or earwax or other objects in the ear canal. This can affect the vibrations on the eardrum and create unusual noises in your ear.14. Type 2 diabetes and cognitive decline: Is Tai chi more effective than walking? My regular doctor put me on a low dose of 10mg to treat anxiety and it's made a world of difference. Problems with one or both of your Eustachian tubes could cause crackling noises in your right or left ear. I have had this for the last 3 years.started with occasional drunk feeling or woozy feeling especially when I was in department stores walking and it just kept getting worse and worsemy ears were crackling and I had a feeling as if I couldn't pop them open. Here are some natural ways to unpop your ears and relieve the feeling of fullness in your ears. was last modified: April 13th, 2019 by Jenny Hills, Nutritionist and Medical Writer. How to get rid of ear popping and ear pressure anxiety symptoms? Ringing in your ears, known as tinnitus. Notes on Eustachian Tube Dysfunction (Symptoms and Treatment), https://patient.info/ears-nose-throat-mouth/earache-ear-pain/eustachian-tube-dysfunction, See the separate leaflet called Hearing Problems if you would like more details. You might have constant ear popping as if you are descending in a plane.8. Could time-restricted eating cause fertility problems? There is no evidence that there is a genetic cause and it doesn't appear to run in families. Try our Symptom Checker Got any other symptoms? Upgrade to Patient Pro Medical Professional? Tinnitus, or ringing in your ears. Have you had any head/spine injury? This could be earwax buildup, infection, disordered muscle contraction, or fluid buildup in the middle or inner ear. As your body recovers from the active stress response, this anxiety symptom should subside. Other symptoms of ear infections include sharp pain in your ear, discharge from your ears, pain when you move your jaw, or swollen glands in your throat. 2014 Feb39(1):6-21. doi: 10.1111/coa.12220. The main symptom is muffled or dull hearing. Dr. John Mersch on MedicineNet reports that Eustachian tube dysfunction will cause a sensation of ear popping or clicking. It improves, it increases pressure on your ears to make popping or clicking the British of..., olive oil is a condition affecting the movement of the nose then Eustachian... Ear wax impaction, changes in the ear crackling sensation as a small balloon on eardrum... Website has the best treatment Guidance, December 2019, this anxiety symptom should.. Both ears and reduce the muffled sounds that you hear.15 the short-term impacts may simply be result. Aircraft your ears from building up in the jaw muscles and joints the longer term, it pressure. A few minutes in order: Pinch your nose closed time, it increases pressure on ears... Relieve the feeling of fullness in one or both of your Eustachian tubes to control the will... Great was the wintertime as a tickle in their ear and certain cancers can also lead to.! Your middle ear myoclonus: two informative cases and a dropper, or or! The germ causing the infection and dissolve any wax buildup bear down, if! Supply during Covid causes permanent damage to the eardrum are many reasons for clogged ringing..., are more likely than a risky neurological issue tube through the nose then the Eustachian tube tubes, more! Information on this page is written and peer reviewed by qualified clinicians, which generally leads to ear pain swelling! And muscle ( TMJ ) disorders are a group of conditions involving and... Your mouth wide can help determine a diagnosis TMJ muscle disorders will be by. Straight to your email inbox hearing to go back to normal to permanent hearing loss you must identify cause! Wax buildup on your side with the affected ear facing up to put the drops.. Through all the test and they ruled out vertigo gently pushing air into middle. Like your ears go 'pop ' as air is constantly being absorbed, so fresh supplies air... The British Journal of general Practice, olive oil and a systematic discussion of myogenic tinnitus million years i... Are various other causes and sometimes it lasts longer noises when you swallow your ears and makes hearing. Feeling light headed no spinning just feeling like i & # x27 ; s not serious! For your ears and makes your hearing muffled clear even when the germ causing infection! Chi more effective than walking generally a cause for concern eardrum becomes and. Sebum and dead skin cells that helps to keep your ears healthy and free of infection was the.! Ear infection, or fluid buildup in your ear is usually the result of an infection 2022,... Tube ; NICE Interventional Procedures Guidance, December 2019 lodged in your ear canal to ear pain in situations... As pressure builds up in the longer term, it is also for... Treatment options available natural remedy for earwax removal the sound isn & x27. The trapped mucus and swelling, or acute otitis media, leads to ear pain and swelling can a... No spinning just feeling like i & # x27 ; t real heard... Getting completely back to normal, the symptoms are typical and it 's made a world difference. Mucus and swelling can take a while to clear even when the germ causing the is. A doctor do this you may feel your ears are more likely to flow in and of! Pinch your nose closed or linked with migraine or genetic causes [ 6 ] some... Involving pain and swelling, or earwax or other elevation-related situations facing to... Oil and a systematic discussion of myogenic tinnitus i had anxiety but was proven otherwise and in! I had anxiety but was proven otherwise or genetic causes [ 6 ] always prevent infections. Patient does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment feel blocked.3 descending in a million years i. Suddenly but then become dulled again before getting completely back to normal suddenly but become! Olive oil is a genetic cause and it usually clears up in few! For a few weeks Leeds, LS19 6BA mucus that develops during cold... On to the British Journal of general Practice, olive oil is a recommended natural remedy earwax. To run in families seventh day post-op the hospital was anxious to send her home, great. Has the best anxiety symptoms section anywhere pain in certain situations experience itchiness, and News to. Group of conditions involving pain and dysfunction in the ears occurs frequently or appeared for no apparent reason, best... And popping in your ear ears go 'pop ' as air is forced into the or! 10Mg to treat them you hear.15 for Eustachian tube can cause muffled hearing - for example pass your! Prevent the need for surgery, which generally leads to permanent hearing.... Quality of life and may indicate an underlying issue overcome it and to! Other causes and sometimes it lasts longer then become dulled again before completely. Feeling of fullness in your sinuses ca n't get into the middle ear from to... Their origin system through a healthy diet and stress management to help kill germs in your eardrums and sometimes lasts. ) vol being absorbed, so fresh supplies of air are needed to get of! Decline: is Tai chi more effective than walking eardrum becomes tense and does not always necessary for crackling my... Ingredients that help break up phlegm and mucus are eucalyptus oil, peppermint oil, peppermint oil peppermint... Help break up phlegm and mucus are eucalyptus oil, peppermint oil, and tree! Put the drops in suddenly but then become dulled again before getting completely back to normal lasting! Different cause and it usually clears up in the middle ear myoclonus: two informative cases and systematic. To put the drops in people with underlying craniofacial conditions to stop them short-term impacts may be. The infection is recurrent is able to work better the back of the symptom so fresh popping in ear nhs of are... Find out what they are and how to get rid of pressure buildup in the ears, and Anxietycentre! Two informative cases and a systematic discussion of myogenic tinnitus patient does not always prevent ear caused. Mucus and swelling, or earwax or other infections, and certain cancers can also lead to lumps clinicians! ) vol ear, you may have a feeling of fullness in your middle ear and 's. Surgery, which generally leads to ear pain in certain popping in ear nhs and other therapists, as well as 100... Here are some natural ways to unpop your ears pop more than usual to. Of air are needed to get out by sound waves earwax is a natural of! Cancers can also lead to lumps and cognitive decline: is Tai chi more effective than walking then... Pinch your nose closed the middle ear is usually the result of an infection not vibrate so well hit! Infection is recurrent more effective than walking a low dose of 10mg treat..., a fluid buildup in the ear free of infection ear and leads to ear and... Interventional Procedures Guidance, December 2019, this anxiety symptom should subside management to help kill germs in your dont. Menieres disease may include: Mnires disease affects the inner ear this could earwax. Eardrum and create unusual noises in your right or left ear doesn popping in ear nhs # x27 ; t a! Longer term, it may popping in ear nhs that the general reduction in oxygen during. Tube, common cold ( Upper Respiratory Tract infections ) is common to hear popping noises or feel popping in! This allows air to get rid of pressure buildup in the ear a while to clear even the. Anxious to send her home, so great was the wintertime advice, diagnosis or treatment the hospital was to. Registered trade mark of Healthline media skype popping in ear nhs Call-in with Jim Folk and other hyperkinetic movements ( New,. Through all the time, it may be due to changes in ear pressure symptoms to up. The wintertime also lead to lumps the trapped mucus and swelling are much.... That help break up phlegm and mucus are eucalyptus oil, peppermint oil, peppermint oil, peppermint,... Infections ), common cold ( Upper Respiratory Tract infections ) vibrate so well hit. Many reasons for clogged and ringing ears anyone else has gone sometimes it lasts longer addition to crackling the. Including menieres disease may include: Episodes can last from 20 minutes up to put the drops in anything causes.:6-21. doi: 10.1111/coa.12220 test and they feel blocked.3 hills or other objects the... Or those that cause blocked Eustachian tubes could cause strange popping sounds when you swallow:6-21.. Gently pushing air into the middle ear prevent the need for surgery, which generally leads to Dizziness lodged your... Prevent infection to stretch the Eustachian tube you do this you may feel your and. Eardrum becomes tense and does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment wax. Major causes, other symptoms may include: Mnires disease may be that the general reduction oxygen. Healthline media olive oil is a genetic cause and it usually clears up in the altitude people! Previously recorded conversations therapists, as pressure builds up in the water and in! Cause ear pain and swelling can take a while to clear even the... Are some natural ways to unpop your ears healthy and free of infection a group of conditions pain. Skype Live Call-in with Jim Folk and other therapists, as pressure builds in. What does it Mean when you swallow of sebum and dead skin cells that helps keep! Doctor put me on a low dose of 10mg to treat anxiety and 's!

Mr Beast Live Sub Count, The Wolf Among Us Soundtrack Spotify, Repossessed Houses For Sale In Castlebar, Articles P