General Scaffolding Requirements The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. The top edge height of toprails on supported scaffolds must be between 36 inches and 45 inches. [, All platforms 40 feet or less in length, and light metal-type platforms with a rated capacity of 750 pounds or less, must be tested and listed by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. building materials, paint roller extensions, scaffold components) that may be handled on them, come closer than 10 feet to the power line. Tip: Many scaffold failures occur early in the morning, after condensation has collected on the wire ropes overnight. The employees stopped painting because it started to rain. When work was completed at the sixth floor, the men on the scaffold began their descent. As the employee was attempting to open trap doors for the hoistway area on the suspended scaffold, he fell through the hoisting area to a metal hopper surface at the base of the chimney. (3) Consists of a platform supported by two essentially horizontal and parallel ropes attached to structural members of a building. [, Guardrail systems must be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms , and must be in place before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. [, Clips must be retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations after the initial loading. The victim, who was wearing a separate lifeline with a work belt attached to a 6 ft. lanyard, suffered a sprained back and was taken to a hospital for examination. Wood platforms must not be coveredScaffold components from different manufacturers mustA competent person must determine that the.. [. It involves a set of preemptive actions in building, inspecting, using, and tagging scaffolds. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. Tip: Almost all incidents that involve scaffold failure would not lead to fatality or serious injury if proper personal fall-arrest systems were in use. upward and which are moving downward. NOTE: Except where indicated, the same basic scaffold requirements that appear in this module also apply to single-point adjustable, multi-point adjustable, catenary, interior hung, needle-beam, multi-level, and float (ship) scaffolds. Scaffold planks shall extend over their end support at least six (6) inches but no more than twelve (12) inches. Unsafe/Unused Fall Arrest Systems Result in Fatalities. [, When outrigger beams are not stabilized by bolts or other direct connections to the floor or roof deck, they must instead be secured by tiebacks. [, Evidence that the secondary brake has been activated during an overspeed condition and has engaged the suspension rope. [, Heat damage caused by a torch, or any damage caused by contact with electrical wires. (Figure 7) [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers are not allowed to be modified to make them fit together, unless a competent person determines that the resulting scaffold is structurally sound. [, In lieu of guardrails, crossbracing may serve as a toprail or midrail, providing the crossing point is [. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Safety Standards for Scaffolds Used in the Construction Industry, Inspection procedures for enforcing Subpart L, Scaffolds used in construction, Whether plywood may be used as scaffold decking material over wood scaffold planks; 29 CFR 1926.450 and 1926.451, Whether OSHA standards prohibit using two power hoists wired together to a single control; whether a minimum of two persons are required to be on board a two-point suspended scaffold, Requirements in 1926 Subpart L "Scaffolds" regarding the use of plywood to make platform decking for scaffolds, A Guide to Scaffold Use in the Construction Industry, Selecting and Implementing a Fall Protection System for an AWP, Rolling Towers/Mobile Scaffold: Inspection, Maintenance, and Use Tip Sheet, Preventing Electrocutions During Work with Scaffolds Near Overhead Power Lines, Preventing Worker Injuries and Deaths Caused by Falls From Suspension Scaffolds, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, For additional information on specific state plans or other general standards, see the general industry, For additional information on related safety and health topics pages, see the general industry. the type of scaffold in question. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(1)]. Hence, such incidents almost always involve two violations: One that causes the scaffold to fall, and the other when workers fail to use (or their employers fail to provide) appropriate safety harnesses, lanyards, lifelines, etc. [. The third clip fell to the ground, and was found to have stripped threads. along a cord. Two-point suspension scaffolds must be tied or otherwise secured to prevent them from swaying, as determined to be necessary by a competent person. Ropes are to be replaced when any of the following conditions exist: Any physical damage which impairs the function and strength of the rope (Figures, Kinks that might impair the tracking or wrapping of the rope around the drum or sheave of the hoist. Fabricated Frame Scaffold Fall Protection. Review the elements of suspended scaffold safety with the following modules: The safe use of a suspended scaffold begins with secure anchorage. The victim and a co-worker were on a two-point suspension scaffold when the left winch lost its grip on the wire rope, causing the left side of the platform to drop. [, Ladders may not be used on scaffolds to increase the height of the working level, except on large-area scaffolds where employees have met the following criteria [, When the ladder is placed against a structure which is not part of the scaffold, the scaffold must be secured against the sideways thrust exerted by the ladder. Two employees were sandblasting a 110-foot water tank while working on a two-point suspension scaffold 60-70 feet above the ground. The design and construction of scaffolds must conform with OSHA requirements concerning type of equipment, rated capacities, construction methods, and use. Computer Organization and Design MIPS Edition: The Hardware/Software Interface, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Starting Out with C++ from Control Structures to Objects, Godfrey Muganda, Judy Walters, Tony Gaddis. Side Stringers, minimum cross section (finished sizes): A " x " steel reinforcing strip shall be attached to the side or underside, full length. When the scaffold caught on one side of the structure, a scaffold plank was dislodged and the worker fell through the hole. Scaffolds and components must never be loaded in excess of theirPlatforms must not deflect more than.Fabricated frame scaffolds over.. Brackets used to support cantilevered loads (outrigger brackets) must beThe ladder legs must be on the same plank or other means must be.The ladder legs are to be secured to Use casters to create a rolling scaffold tower only on.Casters must be.When moving scaffold manual force must be applied.Mobile scaffolds are required to have a, Employees must not ride on scaffolds unless, =Surface free of pits, holes and obstructions, =Height to base width ratio is 2:1 or less, =Outrigger frames when used are on both sides of scaffold, = No employee is on any part of the scaffold that extends beyond the wheels or casters, = Before moving, employee should be made aware of the move. Each scaffold and scaffold component must be able to support its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to the scaffold. The scaffold manufacturer specified 600 pounds of counterweight for this scaffold and load, but the painters had rigged the scaffold using only 200 pounds of counterweight (100 pounds per outrigger). = all times with independent lifelines attached to anchorage points capable of supporting 5000 lb. [, Tiebacks must be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure (Figure 1), or opposing angle tiebacks must be installed. Have walk-through stirrups specifically designed for that purpose. =A competent person must have specific training in, and be knowledgeable about, structural integrity of scaffolds and the maintenance requirements. [, The platform units must be secured to the scaffold to prevent their movement. [, Installed with all bearing supports perpendicular to the beam center line. The co-worker stated that he saw the victim fall and jerk upward as the lanyard caught him. Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold onto employees below, they must be protected by the following measures [. The lanyard had been returned to the storage bin even though it had probably been damaged earlier during cutting and welding operations. [, Attached to the scaffold ropes by a shackle or clevis placed directly over the stirrup. The frayed section of welding cable was tied around the metal guardrail of the scaffold. When wire rope clips are used on suspension scaffolds: There must be a minimum of 3 clips installed, with the clips a minimum of 6 rope diameters apart. (Figure 13) [, When winding drum hoists are used and the scaffold is extended to its lowest point of travel, there must be enough rope to still wrap four times around the drum. OSHA 10 - Materials Handling, Storage, Use, &, OSHA 10 - Tools, Hand and Power (Subpart I), OSHA 10 - Cranes and Derricks in Construction, OSHA 10 - Stairways and Ladders (Subpart X), OSHA 10 - Health Hazards in Construction (Sub, OSHA 10 - Personal Protection and Life Saving, K12 7th grade quiz: 6.07 Unit Test: Answers a. The company did not conduct a fall protection or competent person inspection, nor was a safety line or any fall protection used. Proper Scaffold Construction Mudsills Base plates Crossbraces Access Guardrails All scaffolds must be erected with adequate foundations: Casters Base plates The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers must not be intermixed, unless they fit together without being forced, and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained. [, Do not load the scaffold or any component parts beyond their maximum capacity (their own weight and 4:1 the maximum intended load). The work lead on the welder had frayed insulation in one place, and the bare conductor was exposed. [, When horizontal lifelines are used, they must be secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold. Two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds, also known as swing-stage scaffolds, are perhaps the most common type of suspended scaffold. Investigation indicated that the scaffold motor assembly was improperly connected to the scaffold platform. ________ scaffolds consist of one or more platforms supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames or similar rigid support. Suspended Scaffolds: Support SystemSuspended System-..Personal Protective System point, harness, lifeline, lanyard, rope grab. [, Each employee on a two-point adjustable suspension scaffold must be protected by both a guardrail system and a personal fall arrest system. Hook-on or attachable ladders must be installed as soon as Each employee on a scaffold greater than __ feet from a lower level must be protected from falling. This section does not apply to aerial lifts, the criteria for which are set out exclusively in 1926.453. Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top edge of the toeboard, they should be prevented from falling by paneling or screening extending from the toeboard to the top of the guardrail. The employees thought that the overspeed brake had accidentally set. [, The stall load of any scaffold hoist must not exceed 3 times its rated load. =In addition, the competent person must be knowledgeable about the requirements of the OSHA standard, subpart L. =A competent person is required to supervise the erection, modification, and disassembly of scaffolds. In areas so narrow that platforms and walkways cannot beThe front edge of the platform cannot be more than ___ from the face of the work unlessThe maximum distance from the face for outrigger scaffolds must be. When conditions warrant, the height of the top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria. Insulating Material (Excess wire rope stored on insulating material), Electrically Isolate Overhead Support or Insulted Thimble, End of Wire Insulated from Structure and Ground, Work Lead Clamp (Located close to working area). State Plans are required to have standards and enforcement programs that are at least as effective as OSHA's and may have different or more stringent requirements. There are various types of supported scaffolds: frame scaffolds, tube and clamp scaffolds, system scaffolds, mobile scaffolds, pump jack, ladder jack and wood scaffolds. [, Suspended scaffold outrigger beams must be stabilized to the floor or deck by [. =Must determine the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection during erection/dismantling of supported scaffolding. [, Clips are to be inspected and retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations at the start of each subsequent workshift. The proper use of the scaffold, and the proper handling of materials on the scaffold. [, The load end of wire suspension ropes must be equipped with proper-size thimbles, and secured by eyesplicing or equivalent means (, Ropes must be inspected for defects by a competent person prior to each workshift, and after every occurrence which could affect a rope's integrity (see. [, Set and maintained with the web in a vertical position. Fall protection consists of either personal fall arrest systems or guardrail systems, and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level (two-point scaffolds require both PFAS and guardrail systems). Each scaffold and it's components must be capable of supporting, without failure, it's own weight and at least ___ times the maximum intended load applied to it. This defect and the victim's possible failure to release the parking brake before beginning his descent caused one end of the scaffold to drop. For other scaffolding guardrail requirements, see 29 CFR 1926.451(g)(4). Workers Killed When Scaffolds Without Tiebacks Fall, Inadequate Counterweights Cause Two Deaths. He was killed. This caused arcing between the scaffold and the building. Neither painter was wearing an approved safety belt and lanyard attached to an independent lifeline. Each employee on a scaffold must be protected from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, by [. The employees were not tied off independently, nor was the scaffold equipped with an independent attachment system. Scaffolds and their components shall be capable of supporting without failure at least four times the maximum intended load. His assistants were outside. Bi 09/04/2023 09/04/2023 Non-mandatory examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with 29 CFR 1926.451(a) are contained in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A. Two victims and a co-worker were painting the side of a building in San Francisco. The scaffold consisted of an aluminum ladder used as a platform, and secured to steel "stirrups" made of steel bar stock bent into a box shape and attached to each end of the ladder. Since the scaffold was not grounded, it became energized. How did the Industrial Revolution affect the fashion and clothing industry? An employee was on a two-point suspension scaffold, approximately 25 ft. high, when the guardrail gave way. Competent persons and trained workers are critical to safety on suspended scaffolds. ( a) Capacity. [, Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames, and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames. When welding is being performed from suspended scaffolds, the following precautions must be taken, as they apply, to reduce the possibility of welding current arcing through the suspension wire ropes [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(17)]: Subpart L Appendix E, Figure 18, contains an illustrated diagram of welding precautions for a suspended scaffold platform. A 39-year-old painter died after falling 40 feet when a scaffolding suspension rope broke. Three major components of a Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS) include; anchor and the anchorage connector; full body harness; and: A. The employees working on the scaffold had not been provided any training, including hazard recognition training, which teaches how to safely rig and secure a scaffold. Where changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. So a 10 foot span (120 inches) cannot deflect more than: 2 inches The foreman was inside the tank, riding up on a two-point suspension scaffold. The incident occurred when the victim lost his balance and fell off an unguarded end of the scaffold. Just after he tied-off the scaffolding, the rope loosened and gave way on one side. [, Outrigger beams must be made of structural metal, or other material of equivalent strength. Safety on suspended scaffolds as determined to be inspected and retightened to the floor or deck by.. Any damage caused by contact with electrical wires with side-brackets parallel to the scaffold motor assembly was improperly to... 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